with Baldwin’s paper entitled “Suggestion in Infancy” in Science published in 1891. Kohen and Olness (2011) note the apparent beginning of child hypnosis in the U.S. 7–12).Ī more detailed description of the early history of hypnosis with children is beyond the scope of this article and can be found in Kohen and Olness’ text Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy with Children (4th edition, 2011).
Of import, Liebault (1823–1904) and Bernheim (1840–1919) founded the School of Nancy devoted to the scientific investigation of hypnosis and described the first research on children’s hypnotic susceptibility, describing over 750 subjects and the peak “susceptibility” thought in those days to occur between the ages of 7 and 14 years (Kohen and Olness, 2011 pp. Amongst many, these included Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815), the British Surgeon John Elliotson (1791–1868) who also introduced the stethoscope to Great Britain, James Braid (1795–1860) who coined the word hypnosis, and Jean-Martin Charcot (1835–1893) whose descriptions of hypnosis in neurological terms gave it a new measure of scientific respectability. Many physicians contributed substantial clinical experience and theoretical concepts to our current understanding of clinical hypnosis and its usefulness in clinical health care. The modern history of hypnosis-in both children and adults-can be found in the rich, fascinating, and challenging history of many physicians of 18th century Europe and even more so in the 19th century. Primitive cultures have employed trance phenomena with children in initiation rites and other ceremonies. (Biblical references in both the Old and New Testaments describe accounts of ill children responding to healing methods based on faith and suggestion (I Kings XVII: 17–24 Mark IX: 17–27). In ancient times hypnotic-like techniques were utilized in healing and other ceremonies.
Brief History of Hypnosis & Hypnosis with Children
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